Nobel 2017
Il premio Nobel per la fisica 2017 assegnato ai geniali inventori del metodo e dello strumento (Interferometro) per la rilevazione degli effetti delle onde gravitazionali.
Un contributo essenziale per provare le relazioni tra tempo e forza gravitazionale teorizzate da Einstein più di cento anni fa.
NOBEL PRICE 2017
The Nobel Prize for Physics 2017 assigned to the genious inventors of the method and toolwheel (Interferometer) for detecting the effects of gravitational waves. An essential contribution to the relationship between time and gravitational force theorized by Einstein more than a hundred years ago.
04 Oct 2017
(CARTOONMOVEMENT)
Gianfranco Uber
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish, Kip S. Thorne
Rainer Weiss
© Nobel Media. Ill. N. Elmehed
Rainer Weiss
Born: 1932, Berlin, Germany
Affiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
Prize share: 1/2
Barry C. Barish
© Nobel Media. Ill. N. Elmehed
Barry C. Barish
Born: 1936, Omaha, NE, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
Prize share: 1/4
Kip S. Thorne
© Nobel Media. Ill. N. Elmehed
Kip S. Thorne
Born: 1940, Logan, UT, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
Prize share: 1/4
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 was divided, one half awarded to Rainer Weiss, the other half jointly to Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
Jacques Dubochet
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Jacques Dubochet
Born: 1942, Aigle, Switzerland
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"
Prize share: 1/3
Joachim Frank
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Joachim Frank
Born: 1940, Siegen, Germany
Affiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"
Prize share: 1/3
Richard Henderson
© Nobel Media. Ill. N. Elmehed
Richard Henderson
Born: 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"
Prize share: 1/3
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution".
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
Jeffrey C. Hall
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Jeffrey C. Hall
Born: 1945, New York, NY, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine, ME, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
Prize share: 1/3
Michael Rosbash
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Michael Rosbash
Born: 1944, Kansas City, MO, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
Prize share: 1/3
Michael W. Young
© Nobel Media. Ill. N. Elmehed
Michael W. Young
Born: 1944, Kansas City, MO, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
Prize share: 1/3
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
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The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017
Kazuo Ishiguro
Ill: N. Elmehed. © Nobel Media 2017
Kazuo Ishiguro
Born: 1954, Nagasaki, Japan
Prize motivation: "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world"
Prize share: 1/1
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 was awarded to Kazuo Ishiguro "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world".
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Richard H. Thaler
Ill. N. Elmehed. © Nobel Media AB 2017.
Richard H. Thaler
Born: 1945, East Orange, NJ, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his contributions to behavioural economics"
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017 to Richard H. Thaler
“for his contributions to behavioural economics”
Easy money or a golden pension? Integrating economics and psychology
The American economist Richard H. Thaler is a pioneer in behavioural economics, a research field in which insights from psychological research are applied to economic decision-making. A behavioural perspective incorporates more realistic analysis of how people think and behave when making economic decisions, providing new opportunities for designing measures and institutions that increase societal benefit.
By exploring the consequences of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-control, Thaler has shown how these human traits systematically affect individual decisions as well as market outcomes.
Limited rationality: Thaler developed the theory of mental accounting, explaining how people simplify financial decision-making by creating separate accounts in their minds, focusing on the narrow impact of each individual decision rather than its overall effect. He also showed how aversion to losses can explain why people value the same item more highly when they own it than when they don’t, a phenomenon called the endowment effect. Thaler was one of the founders of the field of behavioural finance, which studies how cognitive limitations influence financial markets.
Social preferences: Thaler’s theoretical and experimental research on fairness has been influential. He showed how consumers’ fairness concerns may stop firms from raising prices in periods of high demand, but not in times of rising costs. Thaler and his colleagues devised the dictator game, an experimental tool that has been used in numerous studies to measure attitudes to fairness in different groups of people around the world.
Lack of self-control: Thaler has also shed new light on the old observation that New Year’s resolutions can be hard to keep. He showed how to analyse self-control problems using a planner-doer model, which is similar to the frameworks psychologists and neuroscientists now use to describe the internal tension between long-term planning and short-term doing. Succumbing to shortterm temptation is an important reason why our plans to save for old age, or make healthier lifestyle choices, often fail. In his applied work, Thaler demonstrated how nudging – a term he coined – may help people exercise better self-control when saving for a pension, as well in other contexts.
In total, Richard Thaler’s contributions have built a bridge between the economic and psychological analyses of individual decision-making. His empirical findings and theoretical insights have been instrumental in creating the new and rapidly expanding field of behavioural economics, which has had a profound impact on many areas of economic research and policy.
Nota:
I ritratti dei premi Nobel sono di Niklas Elmehed, artista professionista e direttore artistico. È noto soprattutto per i suoi ritratti ufficiali dei premi Nobel 2011-2017.
http://www.niklaselmehed.se/
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